Effect of Battery Voltage on Output

Effect of Battery Voltage on Output Andy Nguyen Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Theory Review 1.2 Hypothesis 1.3 Materials Risk Assessment 3.0 Results and Analysis 4.0 Discussion 5.0 Conclusion 6.0 Appendix 1.0 Introduction The homopolar motor device or also known as unipolar motors are commonly used in everyday society. For example, it can be related to an electric circuit in cars or in high torque wind turbines. But in this case, the homopolar motor consists of an AA battery, copper wire and a neodymium magnet. The aim of this experiment only using this setup is to see how the voltage of the battery affects the number of times the wire revolves around the battery and magnet. It was hypothesised that the larger the voltage or battery, the longer it took to revolve around the battery as size is determining the current output. 1.1 Theory Review The magnet used in this experiment is called a Neodymium also known as Neodymium-iron-boron. This is a rare earth magnet and is stronger than the average magnet. It has a high resistance to demagnetization and its energy content level is high. If these magnets are not carefully stored or used properly, it can have major effects on the magnet such as corroding or caught on fire if used in high temperatures. Like any other magnet, the Neodymium magnet has a North and South Pole and depending on which side it’s used, it affects the direction in which the wire is rotating. Alkaline batteries are commonly used to make an electric device work. It contains chemical energy which then converts to electrical energy when placed in a device such as remotes and toys. An alkaline battery contains to electrodes, anode and cathode. Anode is an electrode through which electric current flows into a negatively polarized electrical device. A cathode is when the electrode flows out of the positively polarized electrical device. When electricity is run through a loop or coil of wire, the electricity has passed through a magnetic field, refer to appendix 3. The Neodymium magnet has both North and South Pole which attracts and repels the current flowing through the rotor thus creating a constant torque which leads to the loop of wire spinning. This repetitive attracting and repelling can go on continuously as long as a stable current goes through it. To find out how the radius of the wire affects the speed of the revolutions, angular velocity must be found. Angular velocity can be considered as a vector quantity thus this unit is measured in radians per second. The formula for angular speed is: Where is the revolutions per minute and is the time taken in seconds. The formula is then multiplied by for the full circular motion unit for a circle is measured in radians. Polarisation is when the charges inside a particular object is split and separated into each ends away from their distinctive other. A magnet for example, when polarised has two poles, where one end of the pole consists of positive charges whilst the other end will consist of negative charges. This concept determines the direction at which objects rotate. 1.2 Hypothesis It was hypothesised that the bigger the radius of the wire, the slower the angular speed will be. But as the voltage is increased using the same radius, the angular velocity of the copper wire will increase. Increasing the copper wire to a bigger radius and changing the voltage of the battery would have an effect on the speed of the revolutions. This should be due to the copper wire having to travel around a larger battery which means more time for the wire to revolve. 1.3 Materials 1.5 Volt Alkaline battery Neodymium magnet Copper wire Pliers Smart phone 1.4 Safety Risk Assessment The only hazard from this experiment is the possibility of being poked by the wire, having a slight burn on your fingers from the heated wires or to jam your fingers in between magnets. To prevent this from happening, there must be a lot of caution when handling the experiment, such as being alert where the wires are and not holding on to the wire for too long, as it may cause burn and also to keep all magnetic objects away from the neodymium magnet, as it is a very strong magnet and can jam your finger between objects or a sharp object. 2.0 Method Experiment measuring how radius (r) and voltage (v) affects angular speed Place the neodymium magnet on a flat surface Place the negative (flat end) of the AAA battery onto the neodymium magnet. Use pliers to cut the wire to appropriate length. Mould and bend copper wire so that wire has a radius of 2cm from centre and make the two ends of the wire spiral down the battery and touch the magnet. The copper wire will move in a circular motion when the ends of the wire touch the magnet, record with smart phone. Review recording in slow motion and measure revolutions/minute. Repeat steps 2-6 for radii 3cm and 4cm. Repeat steps 2-7 for AA and D batteries. Refer to Appendix 2 for picture of experiment. 3.0 Results and Analysis Figure 1 Figure 2 In figure 1, it shows that 1V (blue) and 1.5v (red) has a correlation with one another as a result of their respected lines almost being parallel. This is due to the two wires having almost the same voltage from the battery which would mean that the rpm would almost be the same. 3.1 Error Analysis Table one show the result of the three different sized radii’s that was moulded to find the angular speed. A number of three trials were conducted to ensure that the results that were given were not abnormal and were accurate. Each trial went for 60 seconds each and the averages of the speed were calculated. In each trial, a margin of  ±1 was used since the copper wire stopped halfway or not completing the rotation. As shown in table 1, it is clear that the bigger the radius of the wire, the slower the angular velocity. The difference is only slight because of the small difference in the radius of the wire. 4.0 Discussion The results of the experiment support the hypothesis that, when the radius of wire was widened, the slower the revolutions per minute. But when it came to increasing the voltage of the battery, there was an increase in revolutions per minute. By using the same radii that were used in the previous experiment for the AAA battery, the speed is increased when the AA battery was used. Then the revolutions per minute were significantly increased when using the D battery due to the amount of voltage in the D battery. From the data collected in table, angular velocity was able to be found using calculations shown in appendix 1. When the three batteries are compared, it is clear that as the battery voltage is increased, the faster the angular velocity. Even though increasing the radius of the wire affects the speed, it still supports the hypothesis that as the voltage is increased, the faster the angular velocity will be. As expected, the larger the amount of volts the battery discharges, the more current flows through the copper wire, causing it to have a higher revolution per minute rate. The greater the current flow the larger the magnetic field that is produced around the wire, and more force is produced to act upon making the wire spin. The copper wire that was used was incredibly thin so there was not a lot of contact with the battery or the magnet. Since the wire is thin, there is a small path in which the current flows in which only give the electrons to flow in a straight line. If the wire was thicker and bigger in diameter, then there would be less resistance since the electrons would be able to flow freely. Since the batteries have a significantly low resistance, the electrons are free to flow easily through the thin copper wire. Therefore the factor of the resistance can be excluded when measuring the angular speed. With the data collected, it was used to make a graph which showed the relationship between the volts of the battery and the angular speed. The vertical lines on the graph represent the margin error of  ±1 since the wire did not complete the full revolution. Other possible errors that could have occurred while gathering this data was the rounding error, to minimize large numbers, two significant figures were used. Copper wire loses conductivity after each consecutive trial without cutting the ends off. With the discovery of this possible error, cut the end bit of copper wire so that the conductivity would be the same each time which would make the results as accurate and precise as possible. Another possible source or error for this experiment is if the wire fell off the battery halfway through its rotations and/or if the ends of the copper wire lost direct contact to the magnet and slowed down during its rotations. These possible sources of error could be prevented by creating a slight dent on the battery to create a little hole for the wire to sit comfortably on and to create a solid spiral down the battery so that the ends don’t become loose and lose contact with the magnet. So that the results could be as precise as possible, because if the ends of the copper wire lose contact with the magnet, it loses the velocity and momentum and would slow down, and thus affects the rpm. Another possible source of error is drainage of the battery after consecutive trials causing less voltage to flow into the wire thus affecting its angular velocity, this could be prevented by using a power pack instead of battery. 5.0 Conclusion In conclusion, the results that were gathered supported the hypothesis that even with a larger radius, when increasing the voltage of the battery, the angular speed is increased. As the results show that the D battery, although larger radius than the AA battery, still had twice the amount of revolutions per minute because it had twice the amount of voltage. 6.0 Appendix Appendix 1 Using the formula for angular speed: Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4

The ideas of classical economists

Dry James Anagram Synopsis The purpose of this work is to examine and understand the main thoughts of prominent economists during the classical period, namely Adam Smith, Thomas Malthusian, David Richard, Jeremy Beneath and John Stuart Mill. It is also included the comparison of ideas between these masters and last but not least, the contributions of these Ideas In today's context.At the beginning, the background of the classical period Is provided to ensure that readers have a better understanding of the economist's ideas. Followed by that, each economists ideas will be discussed respectively, and the comparison will be made. The contributions of Adam Smith, David Richard and Thomas Malthusian will be discussed in the last part and conclusion would be drawn. Content Page No.Page number Introduction 4 2 Background 3 The Five Prominent Economists Adam Smith Thomas Malthusian David Richard Jeremy Beneath John Stuart Mill 5 6 7 Comparison of Ideas between the Five Economists 8 Contribut ions of Classical School in Contemporary 9 Conclusion 10 Bibliography 11 Appendices 12 Classical school started during the late 18th century, when Adam Smith published his independent field of study and set forth the development of modern economics. Their ideas such as division of labor and comparative advantages are still discusses and implied in today's world.The work of this paper is to examine the main thoughts of five leading economists of classical period, namely Adam Smith, Thomas Malthusian, David Richard, Jeremy Beneath and John Mill and to compare their thoughts and concepts. Also, the relevance of contributions of their ideas in today's context will be discussed. Background Before classical period there was mercantilism period (1500 – 1776). During that time, manipulations and government intervention in the market is being practiced. Wealth of a nation is weighed in terms of gold and silver that a country possessed.Therefore international trade is discouraged by th e implementation of tariff, in order to prevent wealth flowing to other countries. However, as scientific revolution and industrial revolution take place, it helps to nurture the ideas of classicists. (Refer appendix 1 for influence of scientific revolution) There are a few main features in classical economics thoughts. Firstly, classical economists advocate free trade in rake. Without government intervention, the economy could self-adjust to achieve full employment. Secondly, each party, I. E. He merchants, workers and consumers will each seek self-benefit as it is in the human nature. Hence, harmony of interests will be achieved when the pursuit of self-interest will eventually leads to the best interest of the society. Thirdly, classicists consider all economic resources such as land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship as the nation's wealth and lastly, the classicists made a remarkable contribution to economics by explaining economic horses explicitly. Adam Smith (1723 – 1790) is often regarded as the father of modern political economy.In his life he had written two books, The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Moral Sentiments discussed the moral forces that restrain selfishness and bind people together in a workable society; Wealth of Nations assumed the existence of a Just society and showed how the individual is guided and limited by economic forces. (Bruce and Grant, 2007: p. 62) Adam Smith economic ideas are something of a novelty during his time. He introduced the idea of division of labor, which in today's word means specialization.By practicing division of labor, the productivity could be increased as (1) workers' skills are enhanced when they perform only one single task, (2) time for changing work task from one to another is saved, and (3) invention of machines could help increasing productivity once tasks have been simplified and made routine. (Bruce and Grant, 2007). Another i dea being pointed out by Smith is the harmony of interest. When all parties in a economy is seeking their self-interest, the natural order of the oral will eventually channel it to become social good.The key behind this complex mechanism is the concept of competition. Thus, Smith opposed government intervention in the market for the corruption and favoritism will leads to monopoly and competition will fail. This also implies in international trade. Smith thinks that have an advantage in and trades it with other countries. Although Smith is against government involvement in the economy, he did suggest a few roles that government could play in the economy. (Refer to appendix 2) When talk about value, Smith is of he opinion that measurement of value should be labor.The value of any commodity to a person, who possesses it, if he wishes to exchange it for other commodities, is equal to the quantity of labor which it enables him to purchase or command. Labor, therefore, is the real measur e of the exchangeable value of all commodities. (Bruce and Grant, 2007:p. 72) However, Smith did noticed that there are practical and theoretical difficulties in this theory. (Refer appendix 3 for further details) Thomas Malthusian (1766 – 1834) advanced the population theory in his publication An Essay on the Principle of Population.He states that population will increases at a geometric rate when unchecked while subsistence would only increases at best arithmetic rate. He suggested 2 types of checks, first is preventive checks which are those that reduce the birth rate and second, positive checks which are those that increase the death rate, to control population growth. Part of Malthusian ideas were adopted when the Poor Law Amendment of 1834 was passed. In his later work Principles of Political Economy, Malthusian came out with the theory of market gluts. He suggested that insufficient demand would occur due to inequality of distribution of income.Due to that, spending by landlords is important to prevent a glut of goods on the market which would turn into economic stagnation. (Bruce and Grant, 2007) David Richard (1772 – 1823) is a influential figure in the field of economics. He is hailed as the economists' economist for his extraordinary contributions in economics. The man who only had 14 years of formal education addressed economic matters academically. One of his main thoughts is the theory of free trade and from here derived the law of comparative costs, also known as law of comparative advantage.He explained that a person or country should produce goods which they can produce t a lower opportunity cost as compared to their competitors. In doing so, they would be more efficient and when traded with another country that practices the same theory, would achieve mutual benefit. Taking Turbot's concept of diminishing returns in agriculture, Richard used it to develop his theory of rent and introduced the law of diminishing returns. The law says that as the number of factor of production I. E. Labor increases, assuming sisters Paramus, the marginal product will at some point diminish.In the discussion of value, Richard said that a commodity must have use alee if it is to have exchange value. The use value of a commodity is derived from their scarcity and also the quantity of labor requires in obtaining it. Although utility is vital, it is not a measurement of exchange value. Time needed for producing the good and obtaining the raw material to produce the good is the exchange value for a commodity, according to Richard. The minimization of a person's pleasure, advanced the principle of utility.This notion is that people pursue things that provide pleasure and avoid things that produce pain; all individuals seek to maximize their total pleasure. Bruce and Grant, 2007:p. 122) Unlike hedonism, Beneath added the ethical doctrine into utilitarianism that human action should direct to the greatest happiness of the greatest nu mber of people. For that reason, Beneath was very active in social reforms. He supported free education for all, right for women, abolition of slavery and death penalty and many more. The major problem with Bantam's utility theory was that pleasure, a kind of emotion could not be quantify or measure.He tried to measure it using the Felicia Calculus, but he himself acknowledged the flaws in his calculation. John Stuart Mill who attended home schooling had his father, James Mill as his teacher. As a result, he got influenced by Bantam's thoughts of utilitarianism, as his father is a close friend to Jeremy Beneath. He further enhanced the utilitarianism concept, stating that enjoyment ought to be viewed in terms of not only quantity but also quality. (Anagram, 2012) His publication, Principles of Political Economy summarizes and fused all the economic knowledge up to his day.His discussed various issues from production to international trade. His most important and original contributio n is the law of international values. He implied the elasticity of demand for goods in his theory and successfully showed that the real exchange price takes into account not only the domestic costs, but also the elasticity of demand for each product abroad. Comparisons of Ideas between the Five Economists After reading the main thoughts of the five economists, we can see the evolution of economic thoughts in the timeline.The masters each have their own explanation on various topics, sometimes agreeing with each other and other times which they argued. From a bigger picture, we can depict that the ideas during the early period of lassie period varies from ideas of those in the end of classical period. For example, Adam Smith proposed laissez-fairer with minimal government involvement as the invisible hand in the market would eventually move the market to its equilibrium stage. However, Jeremy Beneath, who holds the idea of the greatest happiness for the largest number of people, thin ks that government should overlook the economy and social policy.In international trade issue, Adam Smith explained that export could remove surpluses in market but it could be done only when a country has absolute advantage in producing the particular goods. It was Richard then who argued that country could still benefit from trade even without absolute advantage. He introduced the theory of comparative costs, which is a situation when a country could produce certain goods with relative lower opportunity cost than the other country, and trades between them would still benefit each other.Mill supported Orchard's view of international trade, and further elaborated it by the law of international values. Mill said that the international price of trade is determined by the elasticity of demand of the product. Mill's theory is important as it overcome the economy. On the topic of value, Adam Smith placed his concern in value of exchange. He explained that the measurement of value should be labor and in exchanging commodities, both commodities should have equal quantity of labor to obtain it. As for Richard, he defined exchange value must have use value.The use value of a good is derived from its scarcity and also numbers of labor needed to obtain it. Richard then argued that exchange value of a good rely not only on the time used by labor to produce it, but also the time taken to obtain raw materials and capital goods which s used in the production process. In examining Thomas Malthusian ideas, the work of a very controversial man during his time, we could see that his works are favored by the wealthy landlords and on the other hand, pushed the lower classes – the poor people – into a deeper pit.In his population theory, he states that â€Å"population when unchecked increases geometrically, while subsistence increases at best arithmetically'. Therefore, to control the population growth there is preventive checks and positive checks. Richard, who is a close friend to Malthusian, argued that the theory s untrue and as a matter of fact, as years go by, the increment of food production is higher than increment of population growth. Contributions of the Classical School in Contemporary It is undeniable that the ideas of classical economists are a breakthrough in the mercantilism period and set forth the foundation of modern economic studies.Their works, being influenced by the scientific revolution, seeks experimental evidence to support and verify their ideas thus increase the credibility of their works. Below are three economists that made lasting contributions to the economic until today: 1 . Credited with the title father of modern political economy, Adam Smith indeed had made a huge impact in transformation of economy from mercantilism to free market. The most valuable idea that he leave for us would be the harmony of interest.The key behind the mechanism that brought all self-interest seeking behavior to become a social good, commonly also known as the invisible hand, is the concept of competition. It is because of competition that producers are restrained from making extra profit and hence drives down the price of goods. This theory is still recognized n today's economy. 2. David Richard Richard made a significant contribution with his theory of comparative advantage that served as a cornerstone in today's international trading policies.Although it was later refined by John Mill, nevertheless credits should still be given to this man. 3. Thomas Malthusian Despite being a controversial figure and his theories favor the upper class of the society, Thomas Malthusian still made some contributions to the contemporary economy. It was through his notions that the population growth issue is being concerned and later developed to be a formal study. It was his work regarding market gluts that later catches Keynes attention and expanded it. The classical school of thoughts indeed is an essential period in the his tory of the economical behavior of the society.

negative impact of drugs - 1264 Words

Negative effects and impact of drugs on a user and their family Negative effects and impact of drugs on a user and their family Drugs, such as heroin, cocaine, and prescription pain relievers encompass negative effects on users and his or her family members physically and mentally, however there are various treatment options for the drug or drugs abused. In 2003, 7.1% of Americans aged 12 or older were classified as current substance abusers. Statistically significant increases in the use of heroin, marijuana, cocaine, and pain relievers were reported from 2000 to 2001 (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2002). Various drugs have a much greater effect than other drugs may have. Drugs†¦show more content†¦Service delivery continues typically to focus on the individual drug abuse (Copello and Orford, 2002). Because families with cocaine-addicted members display a higher risk of dysfunction, future interventions should take place in the youth’s family and peer environment (Dawes et al., 2000). Drugs such as Codeine, Oxycontin, and Hydrocodone, are prescription medications prescribed by a doctor who may unintentionally cause serious side effects if medications are used long term or chronically abused. Various negative effects of long term use or abuse may include physical and mental dependency, respiratory depression that may lead to death if too large of a dose is ingested, and withdrawal symptoms very similar to that of heroin and morphine. â€Å"Would you believe that prescription medication abuse is the fastest growing drug problem in the United States? Prescription medications are now second only to marijuana as the gateway of drugs first abused. Alarmingly, six of the top 10 abused substances among high school students are prescription drugs (Sprenger, 2012).† Prescription drugs are so commonly accessible that a family member may steal medication from another family member’s medication cabinet. This reason alone may cause a major upset within a tight knit family because an individual who genuinely needs the medication will now be losing doses of medication that will be muchShow MoreRelatedWhy The Longview Drug Education Program Should Have A Positive Or Negative Impact On Students Drug Use1886 Words   |  8 PagesPurposive sampling is when a researcher picks the participants on purpose, as they are considered the most appropriate for the study. As noted earlier, the purpose of this study is to determine whether the Longview Drug Education program will have a positive or negative impact on students drug use. Therefore, participants must be in the city of Longview school system and be in grades K-12th grade. Due to the time restraints and cost issue, the survey will be only distributed to the children meetingRead MoreDrug Use And Drug Dependence1516 Words   |  7 PagesNick wishing for a altered state of consciousness that is one of the many motives for drug use (Hart and Ksir 19). This motive is shown when he uses drugs after seeing his father sleeping on a bench. Flynn states, â€Å"I got high not long after seeing him on the Esplanade† (Flynn 176). This event is another example of Flynn using drugs in emotionally stressful times, which is an accurate portrayal of drug use and drug dependence. This need for a altered state of consciousness is extremely emotionally impactfulRead MorePeer Pressure Essay693 Words   |  3 Pagesspecific contemporary issue and argue how it has and will continue to have an impact on your generation. Peer Pressure. We have all at one stage in our lives, experienced it. We all know what it feels like to be pressured by a peer. Peer pressure today impacts on kids of my generation in a huge aspect. Teenagers feel social pressure in numerous ways such as clothing, music and entertainment choices, to unsafe areas such as drugs, alcohol and smoking. During adolescence, kids emphasize their independenceRead MorePositive Adult Role Models1038 Words   |  4 Pagesliving in a world where teens are doing drugs, pressuring their peers, and trying to be just like the models in magazines. Unfortunately, that’s the world we live in today. What do these teens need? They need positive adult role models. It is important for a teen to be influenced by positive adult role models while growing up; because if they don’t have positive adult role models, teens can be influenced by negative media, negative peer pressure, and teen drug use. The first reason why teens needRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Teen Substance1033 Words   |  5 Pagesfriends as to why teenagers get into drugs and alcohol (Impact of Social Media on Teen Substance). The one thing parents do not think about at to why their teenager is involved in drugs and alcohol is social media, and it could be a big reason (Impact of Social Media on Teen Substance). Parents talk to their children on how to make the right decision related to drugs and alcohol, but forget they need to address how to make right decisions on social media (Impact of Social Media on Teen Substance)Read MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pagesof the bused drugs in America and the rest of the world. Interesting accumulating evidence show that the significant negative impact of this drug outweighs the positive effects. However, the medical benefits of the drug seem on the process of chemical compounds as compared to the drug itself. Medic al debates show that chemical compound in marijuana are the problem as compared to the plant. The said chemical compound affects the mental and physical health of the persons abusing this drug. There haveRead MoreKey Content Or Arguments Presented787 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst article on the matter just represents how influential and distinguished Ben Johnson was as an athlete. Despite the fact that drug taking is not ethical, nor admirable, a reporter by the name of Lawton recalls, â€Å"The race was stupendous, arguably the most riveting thing I’ve seen†. This suggests that although there are so many risks, dangers and negative impacts of drug use, there is a positive viewpoint on the issue that it does make watching sport more interesting and engaging for perspective viewersRead MoreHayden Hines. Prof. Hawk. Comp 2. 9 Am-9:50 Am. 5 May 2017.1040 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial topics being discussed in the United States today. Some will have more of an impact than others. Some you may have never even heard of. One of the major and most controversial topics in my opinion is whether or not marijuana should be legalized in the US. There are many factors that play a role in deciding if marijuana would be beneficial to our country. In this essay we will dig into the positives and negatives of legalizing marijuana and you can decide for yours elf if legalizing marijuana isRead More War on Drugs: Germany compared to the Netherlands Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesThe War on Drugs One of the key aspects to consider when evaluating domestic political actors preferences towards policies pertaining to illegal drug use in both the Netherlands and Germany is to evaluate their ideological differences. The Netherlands attitude towards drug policy revolves around limiting the negative impacts illegal drug use has on society by implementing laws catered towards decriminalization. On the other hand, Germany considers drugs a detriment to society and promotes legislationRead MoreEssay about Teenage Drug Addiction1079 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Addiction in Teenagers Drugs have been around for a long time and there are many different reasons for them. In particular, they have been misused by teenagers over the years, but in today’s society drug use is at its highest level. Young adults do not deal with their problems in a healthy way, instead they turn to drugs as a solution. Teens who abuse drugs hurt their loved ones and the people who care the most about them. Drugs impact the health of a young adult because

U.s. Health Care System Essay - 1600 Words

1. What is the real and perceived performance of the U.S. health care system? Are the views different among patients, providers, payers, and policy makers? Why or why not? According to Kovner and Knickman (2011), acutely ill patients within the country may hold a positive view of the country’s healthcare system, as the U.S. is scientifically and technology advanced in treating life-threatening injuries and illnesses. Overall quality of healthcare performance, however, is lacking (Kovner Knickman, 2011, p. 19). As a whole, the public’s perception reflects this. According to a 2013 Gallup poll, about one in five individuals believe that the U.S. healthcare system is in a crisis, however, individuals are generally content with the healthcare they personally receive (Newport, 2013). The Commonwealth Fund is a private foundation, with the goal of encouraging health care systems that produce quality outcomes, greater access, and greater efficiency to the public. As per their 2014 survey, the U.S. ranked last when comparing health care performance (in terms of quality, access, and efficiency) to 10 other industrialized countries. Provide rs cited frustrations with coordinating care with specialists and hospitals, as well as administrative stresses. Additionally, they found that from the viewpoint of both providers and patients, the U.S. health care system could improve â€Å"in achieving the value for that nation’s substantial investment in health†. (Davis, Stremikis,Show MoreRelatedU.s. Health Care System1329 Words   |  6 PagesContrast U.S. Healthcare Policy Compare and Contrast U.S. Healthcare Policy Shaquita Jefferson MHA 620 Dr. Rhonda C. Hatfield August 10, 2015 The Canadian system is often considered the model for the U.S. health care system. Both countries health care systems are very different-Canada has a single-payer, mostly publicly-funded system, while the U.S. has a multi-payer, profoundly private system but both countries appear to be similar and suggesting that it might be possible that the U.S. toRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. health care system is perhaps one of the most complex and plastic industries present within the current world economy. With a projected market sector value of $3,455.1 billion by the end of 2016 the U.S. health care providers market represents a significant portion of the economy (â€Å"Research and Markets; Healthcare Providers in the United States,† 2012). For someone that finds themselves in the position of management it is certainly an orthodox presumption that they incorporate into theirRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1696 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"fixâ₠¬  the U.S. health care system that is supposedly the best in the world? At the time of this program, the U.S. was 37th in the world in terms of fairness and quality (Palfreman, 2008). Other rich countries were ahead of this U.S. in this ranking but were spending a lot less. Frontline’s reporter, T.R. Reid traveled to 5 different countries to examine their health care systems on how this was possible and hopefully come away with any ideas that could potentially help with the U.S. health care systemRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1539 Words   |  7 Pages The U.S. health care system faces challenges that indicate that the people urgently need to be reform. Attention has rightly focused on the approximately 46 million Americans who are uninsured, and on the many insured Americans who face rapid increases in premiums and out-of-pocket costs. As Congress and the Obama administration consider ways to invest new funds to reduce the number of Americans without insurance coverage, we must simultaneously address shortfalls in the quality and efficiency ofRead MoreU.s. Health Care System Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. health care system is way more complex than what meets the eye. A major difference between the health care system in the U.S. and other nations, is that the U.S. does not have universal health care. Lack of a universal health care opens up the doors for competition amongst insurance, physicians, technology, hospitals and outpatient services. Health care insurance in the U.S. is extremely competitive and not always fair. Recently in 2012, The Affordable Care Act passed by Barack Obama setRead MoreU.s. Health Care System2431 Words   |  10 PagesU.S. Healthcare System On March 23, 2010, the President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) which represents the most significant regulatory that impacts the U.S. healthcare systems. With PPACA, 32 millions of Americans are expected the coverage and expanded access to health care and medical care. Due to the baby boomers and the downfall of the economics, there will be millions of people are seeking for low rates medical care which will create great impact on URead MoreU.s. Health Care System1142 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction U.S. Health Care System Health care systems are organizations that are formed to meet the overall health needs of the population. Health care is regarded as one of the leading cause in promoting not only physical and mental health but the well-being of the population. Legislation is implemented requiring government to offer services to all members of its society. The role of health services and the organizations that provide aid is to focus on the health of an individual and to upholdRead MoreThe U.s. Health Care System886 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S. Health Care System is very unique; it is mostly based on cultural, social and economic factors. Within the system exists various subsystems of several interrelated and interdependent components. During the process of birthing a Health Care Delivery System, the ultimate goal is to provide a cost effective universal access to all in need. When it comes to the U.S. Health Care Delivery System, compare to other developed countries that are under National Healt h Insurance programs; the U.S. althoughRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1439 Words   |  6 PagesThe U.S. health care system consumes a huge amount of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and is a massive system that provides essential and world-class care to millions of people (Niles, 2016). As a result of this huge burden of cost associated with it, the U.S. healthcare system has been critiqued, and has played a major role in sparking debates about changes to the way the U.S. healthcare system is run and organized. Thus, healthcare has been on the forefront of many American and politician mindsRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1935 Words   |  8 Pages The U.S. health care system faces challenges and it is urgent that the American people become aware of these challenges. There are approximately 46 million Americans who are uninsured, and many insured Americans who face rapid increases in premiums have to pay out-of-pocket costs. As Congress and the Obama administration consider ways to invest new funds to reduce the number of Americans without insurance coverage, people must address shortfalls in the quality and efficiency of care that lead to

A Research Study On Risk Management - 1800 Words

1. Executive Summary A risk is any event which will have a positive or negative impact on the outcome of a project or phase. It may be caused due to several factors and if it occurs can lead to several types of impacts. Every project undertaken has some risk associated with it. Through risk management, we are able to track and keep a close watch on those events that can impact a project outcome. Risk management takes place continuously throughout the life of the project and can be classified into identification, analysis and monitor and control phases. These processes are restructured as we move through a project and identify new risks along the way. Risk management’s main objective is to decrease the chance of adverse occurrences during a project and cushion the impact if it does occur. However, if a positive event or opportunity occurs, it should be exploited. Risk identification generally begins before project initiation and the risk count goes up as the project moves closer to maturity. When risks are identified, they are evaluated to determine the probability of occurrence and their impact on project schedule and scope. Once these two values are determined, they are prioritized. Two critical issues need to be addressed as part of documenting risks. The first is risk mitigation which involves steps taken to decrease the probability of occurrence of risk. Risk mitigation actions have a cost associated with them. Therefore, it is critical to determine the probability ofShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Risk Management1922 Words   |  8 PagesSuggest the issues that could have developed had the team not had a risk plan. Determine the major impacts of risk that the team needs to understand for the project to be successful. After reading this case study, I’ve to notice so many poor decisions being made by this Satellite organization. The most noticeable issue was that they failed to plan initially. I noticed that there were unrealistic goals set, in which created a chaotic working environment. Because of this, the organization was boundRead MoreA Research Study On Management Of Risk Management1647 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction: Project risk management these days is recognized as one of the important process of project management. Latest studies of project management has suggested that more focus should be on study of projects which are intra-alliance or inter-alliance networks. In the field of research about the risk management of project less attention is paid to the risk management in networked projects. The networked projects itself is a big concept, there are large number of people involved in a singleRead MoreAn Empirical Analysis Of Supply Chain Risk Management1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthe paper titled â€Å"An empirical analysis of supply chain risk management in the German automotive industry† applied the practices of supply chain risk management by surveying sixty-seven manufacturing plants in German automotive industry. The need of real empirical research in supply chain risk management to help analyzing supply chain risk and test the previous research proposed instruments that can be appl ied for supply chain risk management was the motivation of this work. In this paper, the occurrenceRead MoreSupply Chain Risk Management Analysis1521 Words   |  7 PagesUta Jà ¼ttner, (2005),Supply chain risk management, The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 16 Iss 1 pp. 120 - 141. Supply chain risk management is an intersection of supply chain management and risk management. For this we need to understand the benefits and as well as the limitations of both the concepts. Supply chain risk is about any threat of interruption in the order of workings of the supply chain. This Risk is generated as result of risk ‘drivers’ that are internal or externalRead MoreSupply Chain Risk Management Plan1299 Words   |  6 PagesSupply chain risk management, The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 16 Iss 1 pp. 120 - 141. â€Å"Supply chain risk management is the process of identifying, assessing and controlling threats to an organization s capital and earnings that are caused by the organization s Supply Chain.  Companies with supply chain risk management plans in place typically place a chief risk office(CRO) in charge of overseeing the effectiveness of the organization s supply chain management strategy.Read MoreRisk Management For Construction Projects1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe overall aim of this study report is to let everyone know what risk management is, realize the procedure of risk management in construction project and have a deeper study on the application of risk management during construction period, therefore, a better project output and better value for both clients and constructors. There are two objectives of this study: 1. To assess the most major and common risks which cause bad effect on construction period. 2. To figure out reasonable solutions. OnRead MoreThe Risks Health care Providers Experience And The Impact Cloud Computing1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe study by Glasberg et al (2014) analyzes the risks healthcare providers experience and the impact cloud computing has in using the new technologies. Focusing on overall risk management, the study takes a holistic approach, where the research focuses both on human and organizational aspects. Using interviews as a form of data collection, the authors categorize risks and assesses impact from 2 perspectives; supply (S) and information systems (IS) as shown in the table 1 below. Table 1 Risk RiskRead MoreA Report On The Construction Sector Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesconstruction management space, which has been poorly addressed in New Zealand until recently. (Pieter, 2011) High level of complexity is also involved in construction projects, which exposes this sector to humungous risk aspects. Therefore, lessening of risk linked to such projects, should be prioritized and handled in a systematic way. Risk is an indefinite occurrence or a state, which affects tangible or intangible factors. Managing risks in the right way is important. Risk Management deals withRead MoreThe Effects of Self-esteem and Risk-Taking Behaviors on Financial Management 1314 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Past research suggests personality variables may affect a person’s style of financial management. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to investigate possible correlations between self-esteem and risk-taking behaviors with financial management. We created a survey measuring these variables, in addition to asking some demographic questions, and had anonymous participants from a Research Methods class take it online. After conducting the survey with the 27 participants, we wereRead MoreProblems Associated With The Building And Construction Commission892 Words   |  4 PagesDespite various construction acts, regulations, standards, codes, licensing regimes, other management approaches such as quality management, risk management, defect management building are still handed with defects. It is evident from Queensland Building and Construction Commission (2015a) annual report that in 2014/15 alone received 4,793 complaints about defective work. There are many other defec ts that are seen to occur during the construction process, which gets rectified before the practical

The Ethics of Enron Free Essays

Reading Enron’s code of ethics, on first impression, you would expect nothing but excellence from a respectable company. Their code of ethics relied heavily on effective communication, a high level of integrity, and nothing but excellence. Through this code they portrayed a business that was capable of exceeding greatness to the highest standard. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ethics of Enron or any similar topic only for you Order Now This soon to be eluded fact jaded by the deception with Enron’s unethical actions, which would ultimately lead to its untimely demise. Enron, at one point, was the seventh largest company within the Fortune 500. Careful accounting strategies allowed it to be listed as the seventh largest company in America, and it was expected to dominate the trading it had virtually invented in communications, power and weather securities. Instead it became the biggest corporate failure in history. Enron was formed in 1985, by Kenneth Lay, CEO. Lay graduated from the University of Missouri with a degree in economics. He then went on to get his Ph.D. from the University of Houston. With his extensive background in economics, Lay began to work for Exxon Mobil, and thus began his life in the energy business. He soon began to get involved in the natural gas market, which led him to propose the idea of the deregulating energy. Lay merged his company, Houston Natural Gas, with Omaha, Nebraska’s InterNorth to form Enron (Briefing 2012). In addition to traditional sales and transportation of natural gas, Enron, under Lay’s direction, invested into, what at the time was, future markets. From around 1983-1987, oil prices fell drastically. Buyers of natural gas switched to newly cheap alternatives such as fuel oil. Gas producers, led by Enron, lobbied vigorously for deregulation (Briefing 2012). Once-stable gas prices began to fluctuate, spooking buyers. That’s when Enron started marketing futures contracts guaranteeing a price for delivery of gas sometime in the future (Briefing 2012). The government, again lobbied by Enron and others, deregulated electricity markets over the next several years, creating a similar opportunity for Enron to trade futures in electric power. With this, Enron began to grow at a rapid pace, having their assets grow by $50 billion in the matter of a short fifteen years. Being seen as a powerful company was undermining motive that lead to Enron’s one main goal that they continuously strove to achieve. Who would not enjoy having a superior image for as long as this company did. Enron, before its collapse, was one of the worlds leading electrical, natural gas, and communication companies (NPR 2012). The company, with profit of $101 billion in 2000, markets electricity and natural gas, delivers physical commodities and financial and risk management services around the world, and has developed an intelligent network platform online business (NPR 2012). However, all so called good things for Enron came to an end. Despite Enron’s perceptual display of ethical standards in its transactions, social conduct, environmental and financial reports, evidence of unethical behaviors such as engaging in massive corporate fraud, misleading its investors and employees about its financial status bloated out when it collapsed in 2001. By excluding its partnerships with Chewco and Joint Energy Development Investments (JEDI) from its financial statements, Enron was able to hide its $600 million debt from the balance sheet. For about eight years, Enron used complex and unethical accounting schemes to reduce its tax payments, overstate income and profits, inflate stock price and credit rating, hide losses, transfer the company’s money to themselves, and fraudulently misrepresent its financial condition in public reports. Enron Senior Management did perform a job well done until it fell apart when Enron’s share price started to drop in 2000. Before Enron filed for bankruptcy protection, the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) already found out these accounting irregularities where Enron clearly misled its shareholders, analysts and creditors. By the end of 2001, it left thousands of employees who have invested their savings and pensions in the company and small shareholders maintaining their investments; while members of Enron management sold their shares knowing the falling performance of the company. Enron was not protecting the interest of its stakeholders at all. Thousands of employees lost their jobs and significant amount of retirement savings, while investors were left with worthless stocks. These further affected their families and their community as a whole. Enron’s scandal damaged public trust on corporate leaders. The behavior of Enron’s leaders were far from the good leadership behavior we know of, where leaders should demonstrate integrity. What’s worse was that, the Auditors of Enron who should have been the one to report their accounting malpractices long time before, accepted the accounting practices and remained silent. This was most probably because of the conflict of interest because these auditors earned high revenues from audit and non-audit works with Enron. In the most basic sense, lack of management integrity and the resulting impact on corporate culture was the root cause of Enron’s downfall and the fundamental ethical issue. Enron’s management chose ego gratification, power maximization, stakeholder deception and short-term financial gains for themselves, while destroying their personal and business reputations and hurting literally tens of thousands of stakeholders. Enron’s scandal called for the need of significant change in accounting and corporate governance in the U.S. This is why the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 was introduced. It was officially signed into law july 30th, 2002 to protect investors by imporoving the reliability and accuracy of disclosures made pursuant to securities laws. Sarbanes-Oxley developed the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, a private, nonprofit corporation, to ensure that financial statements are audited according to independent standards. The legislation also mandates that companies listed on stock exchanges have completely independent audit committees to oversee the relationship between the companies and their auditors. Sarbanes-Oxley further banned most personal loans to any executive officer or director, accelerated reporting of trades by insiders, and stiffened penalties for violations of securities laws. SOX is generally applicable to all companies, regardless of size, who require to file reports with the SEC. SOX established the creation of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to oversee the audit of public companies that are subject to the securities laws. The PCAOB establishes auditing, quality control, ethics, independence and other standards relating to the preparation of audit reports. They are also responsible for conducting inspections of registered public accounting firms, as well as conducting investigations and disciplinary proceedings, where, justified, concerning registered public accounting firms. The Enron case will forever stand as the ultimate reflection of an era of near madness in finance, a time in the late 1990’s when self-certitude and spin became a substitute for financial analysis and coherent business models. Controls broke down and management deteriorated as arrogance overrode careful judgment, allowing senior executives to blithely push aside their critics. Indeed, it could be argued that the most significant lesson from the trial had nothing to do with whether the defendants, both former Enron chief executives, committed the crimes charged in their indictments. Instead, the testimony and the documents admitted during the case painted a broad and disturbing portrait of a corporate culture poisoned by hubris, leading ultimately to a recklessness that placed the business’s survival at risk. The ethical lesson that can be learned front the Enron scandal is that, no success is important enough to be achieved at the price of dishonesty and illegal activities. Not only did the scandal tarnish the reputation of Enron but it ruined the lives of the people who belonged to the name, People who have invested time and money into the company. It goes without saying, corporate values is far more important than unethically scheming in order to make profits. How to cite The Ethics of Enron, Essay examples

Illusory Conjunctions free essay sample

For example, some participants see a green O and a red L but they commonly mistake seeing a green L and a red O. Researchers have found the illusory conjunctions are not strongly caused by spatial location, but one’s perceptual system often errs, borrowing attributes for a stimulus from its close neighbors. On the other hand, illusory conjunctions of simple symbols do not follow the same rules of the semantic expectations. Socially relevant stimuli can have different processing mechanisms that can make the illusory conjunctions more likely to conform to social schemas. An experiment was conducted to prove this. Thirty-three men and thirty-two women participated in a standard computer-administered illusory-conjunction task. Stimuli were faces of six Black men and six White men making both angry and neutral expressions. During each trial, a fixation point appeared for 1,000ms, and then two faces appeared side by side for 100ms. The participants were asked the sum of the numbers and to identify either the expression or the race. We will write a custom essay sample on Illusory Conjunctions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Anger on a distractor was more likely to jump from a Black man than to a White man. The association with anger towards the Black men’s faces was caused by nonrandom illusory conjunctions that followed stereotypic expectations. The study has shown that when the content is socially and functionally relevant, illusory conjunctions do follow stereotypic expectations. These findings have important implications for social issues of all sorts and play a critical role that content can play in the search of basic cognitive processes.